2009年2月20日星期五

国外一家公司的电能表标书――技术部分要求

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS     

 

7.01 GENERAL

 

       This section covers the specification, manufacturer, design, testing and delivery of Three Phase Consumer Metering Units to BPDBs' Central Store at Tongi, Gagipur.

 

7.01.01 AERVICE CONDITIONS:

 

       The Three phase Socket/enclosure type Consumer Metering Units to be supplied under this contract shall be suitable for satisfactory use under the following tropical conditions:

 

       Maximum Relative Humidity                            : 100%

       Annual mean Relative Humidity                : 75%

       Minimum ambient Temperature                      : 5 deg C

       Maximum Ambient Temperature                     : 50 deg C

       Average temperature                               : 40 deg C

       Mean annual rainfall                                 : 1500-3000 mm

       Maximum wind pressure                          : 150Kg/Sq.m

       Maximum Altitude above the sea level             : 300 meters

       Average isokeraunic level                         : 80 days/year

Pollution of ambient air                       : dust, salt, chemical.

 

The climate is humid and tropical.

Maximum humidity and temperature occur simultaneously.

 

Limit range for storage and transport is Class 3K7 for IEC or equivalent Class for ANSI

 

 

Note: Particular attention should be given to ensuring that the LCD display of the Energy Meters can withstand these conditions over the meter's economic lifetime.

 

 

Lot-1: Procurement of 400V, 3×10(60) A & 400V, 3×30(100) A, 3-phase 4-wire, 3-element, outdoor type double tariff programmable consumer energy meter.

 

GENERAL TECHNICAL PARTICULARS:

 

7.02.(A).01  SPECIFICATION OF 400V, 3×10(60) A, 3-PHASE, 4-WIRE, 3-ELEMENT, OUTDOOR TYPE DOUBLE TARIFF PROGRAMMABLE CONSUMER METER.

 

The consumer meters are required for the purpose of energy metering of low voltage consumer who purchases power at 400V line. KWh is the unit for revenue purpose.

 

System Voltage  : Nominal service voltage 400V, 3 phase 4 wire, solidly grounded neutral at source, maximum system voltage 440V line to line.

 

System frequency     : 50 Hz

Standard             : The energy meter should be designed, manufactured and tested in accordance with IEC 62052-11, 62053-21, and 62053-23 or ANSI C 12.16, 12.10 (latest publication) or specified in this specification .

 

Installation               : Outdoor installation.

 

Type                    : Solid state.

 

Application         : Registration of KWh (peak & off-peak), Total KVarh (Q1+Q4), KW on 3-phase, 4-wire supply for balanced & unbalanced load (unidirectional) . Peak 17.00-23.00 hrs and off peak 23.00-17.00 hrs (programmable) Bangladesh standard time. The software for Time of Use(TOU) shall be so developed to accommodate minimum total four tariffs and can be customized, if the purchaser changes the tariff. The software shall be compatible with Windows operating system.

 

Connection         : 3-phase 4-wire solidly grounded neutral.

 

Nos. of element  : 3 (three)

 

Rates current            : Basic current 10 amps and maximum current ≥60 amps.

 

Register             : Solid state LCD displays type register. The display shall be programmable, automatic and include:

 

・        Meter ID

・        Time & date.

・        Cumulative KWh (peak & off-peak)

・        Cumulative Total KVarh (Q1+Q4).

・        Maximum demand (KW) with time & date.

・        Cumulative maximum demand (KW) for billing month.

 

Maximum demand (MD) in KW shall be registered using the technique of cumulating on integration period controlled by built-in process and the MD shall be continuously recorded and the highest shall be indicated. The highest MD shall be added to the cumulative store, which shall be automatically initiated after an interval of on month/one billing period by means of built-in timing device.

     

・        Integration period: 30(thirty) minutes.

・        Number of MD reset (Automatic & manually).

・        Average PF (Power Factor) for billing period.

 

Instantaneous:

 

・        Phase voltage with indication.

・        Phase amps with direction.

・        Power factor (average)

・        Demand (KW)

・        Voltage angel (each phase)

・        Current angle(each phase)

・        Tempering indication in the register.

 

Memory storage       : The shall have sufficient capacity (minimum 95 KB) to store the following reading and data in non-voltage memory even in case of power failure.

 

・        Equipment identification codes, security codes and access codes.

・        Number of power interruption with date & time (minimum 100 events)

・        Latest power failure time & date.

・        Date & time of meter tempering (voltage & current missing Demand reset, time change).

・        Event logs (Power failure, Demand reset, Time change, History log).

・        Current & Previous month registered in KWh (peak & off-peak) Total KVarh (Q1+Q4)

・        Current & previous month registered with maximum KW demand since last MD reset with time and date of its occurrence.

・        Nos. of Demand reset.  

The meter must have sufficient capacity to store date at 30 (thirty) minutes interval for at least 90 (ninety) days.

・        Load Profile data (KWh, KVarh(Q1+Q4))

・        Phase voltage or Vh

・        Phase amps of Ah

 

Accuracy class   : Accuracy class shall not exceed 1 (one)

 

Number of digit  : Minimum 5 (five) integer with 1 (one) decimal (Total 6 digit).

 

Type of display   : Solid-state LCD display.

 

Time switch        : The time switch shall be built-in type and shall be designed to perform a present cycle of operation. Time switch shall reset MDI at the end of every month (billing period) automatically. In the event of failure of power supply and battery, at the same time set memory shall not be lost i.e. the set program shall be record in non-volatile memory. The maximum error shall be kept within ± 1(one) second per day. Time error adjustment facility shall be provided.

 

Battery reserve  : Each time switch must be provided with lithium battery, which allow the switch to function for a period for not less than 10 (ten) years. The guaranteed life of the battery should not be less than 10(ten) years and shall have provision for easy replacement. The shelf life of the battery should be minimum 15 (fifteen) years or more.

 

Construction              : The meter shall be completely self-contain socket or enclosure type. The meter cover shall be made of polycarbonate/ acrylic/phenolic/resin and socket/enclosure cover shall of metal polycarbonate/acrylic/phenolic/resin. The meter cover and socket/enclosure cover shall be provided with security sealing provisions to prevent unauthorized access  to the internal meter works and socket/enclosure cover sealing shall be designed to accommodate both padlock and wire type seal.

 

                     The IEC standard meter shall be minimum IP 51. The ANSI Standard meter shall be effectively sealed to prevent entrance of rain and dust into its internal parts. The meter shall pass Rain test described in underwriter's laboratory standard UL-50 (USA) for type 3 enclosures. A general purpose finish  of class 1 as specified in section 7 of ANSI C12.10 shall be provided for the meter and it shall meet the requirement of weather simulation test (sec. 7.2.1 of ANSI C12.10) and slat spray test (ASTM B117). It shall be designed to operate continuously for the normal life of the meter in unsheltered outdoor tropical location exposed to the elements without corrosion or other damage to parts to adversely affect meter accuracy or reliability.

 

Enclosure for IEC Standard Meter     : The meter shall be surface mounted in an outdoor wall mounted metering enclosure box with necessary wiring. The enclosure box should be made either of high quality flame retardant ABS Resin of minimum 3 mm thickness or of galvanized sheet steel of minimum 1.22mm (18 SWG) thickness or of auto extinguishable, shockproof and UV resistant, hot molded glass reinforced polyester pf minimum 3 mm thickness. The box shall have hinged front door with one toughened glass window or transparent UV resistant Polly carbonate to enable easy reading of meter. The metering box shall be weather proof, dust proof, rodent and inspect proof in accordance with enclosure classification IP54. Service cable entry and exit will be sides of the box and 65(sixty five) mm diameter whole with  black PVC conic cable gland shall be provided for side entry & exit for this purpose all material parts shall have anti-corrosive protection.

All materials  shall be designed, manufactured and tested as per IEC or equivalent international standards except as mentioned. The front door shall be removable and provision must be made for sealing in the closed position.

 

Stocked for ANSI Standard Meters    :Meter sockets shall be suitable for installation of offered type meter. Meter socket shall be 3-phase, 4-phase, 600 volt class, made from 16 gauge sheet metal. Meter sockets shall be similar except as described below. Meter sockets shall approximately 14'' (35.6 cm) H×9'' (22.9 cm) W×4'' (10.2 cm) D and rectangular in shape. Sockets shall be  the same size as 1-phase sockets and terminal blocks shall be interchangeable. Sockets shall be ring less type, sealing latch to be stainless steel and have adequate means for socket grounding. Meter socket shall have a 2''(5 cm) Diameter top opening complete with a 1-1/4''(3.2 cm) hub. Meter  socket shall have 4 knockouts with a range up to 2"(5cm) Diameter, one on the back in the bottom and one in each side. Meter socket shall company with ANSI C 12.6, 12.10

The Socket shall have written permanently (not in paper printed) "connection diagram" distinctly market in addition to all standard data.

 

Terminal             : Socket connected type/Non-symmetrical, button entry, front connection and connection type with extended terminal cover Minimum 07 Terminals to accommodate up to 16 sq. mm size of cable. The terminal cover for the offered energy meter shall be extended type, and which can be sealed independently. There shall be free space be between bottom of the terminal and the bottom  of the terminal  cover.

 

Connection                : 3-phase, 4-wire solidly grounded neutral.

 

Service life of meter        : Shall be minimum 15 (fifteen) years.

 

Visual indication of operation: Pulse indicator on the front of meter as per meter constant.

 

Special Condition             : a) The factory calibration conforms to relevant IEC or equivalent standard. LCD display shall be shown consecutively and continuously one after another. The display shall be automated i.e. no external means shall be required to see the display. Each display shall last for at least 5 (five) sec.

 

                            b) Meter Electronic Circuit biasing voltage shall have to be ensured from each phase to phase and each phase to neutral and minimum basing voltage 40V.

 

 

Meter Sealing                  : The Energy meter body will be hermetically sealed or ultrasonically welded to avoid unauthorized opening of meter cover. Otherwise the Tender will be rejected.

 

Communication port         : The meter must be provided with a suitable communication port to allow down loading of desired information stored in the meter to a PC via hand held data logger as per IEC 1107 or equivalent international standard.

 

7.02.(A).02 TAMPER AND FRAUD PROTECTION FEATURE:

 

The meter shall have the following features to prevent/detect tamper and fraud:

 

  • Phase Sequence Reversal : The meter should work accurately irrespective of phase sequence of supply.
  • Missing Potentials: The meter shall be capable of detecting occurrence of missing potential of one phase or two phases(s), which can happen due to intentional/ accidental disconnection of potential link(s).
  • Terminal cover must have micro-switch provision to monitor unauthorized opening. Opening of terminal cover shall trigger an event to be recorded in the event log memory.
  • Software Access: Software access for configuration and setting of the meters.

 

7.02.(A).03 TECHNICAL FEATURE

      

  • The meter cover and socket/enclosure shall be provided security sealing provisions to prevent unauthorized access to the internal meter works.
  • The meter shall be provided with connection diagram.
  • The data access should be protected by minimum 3(three) steps software password in meter.
  • The meter shall have provision of phase to phase and each phase to neutral biasing.
  • The meter shall have minimum biasing voltage of 40V otherwise the bid will be rejected.
  • The meter, socket/enclosure shall have provision of earthing.
  • Meter must operate and accurately region demand and energy when service voltage is applied across any two of the three input terminal or when service voltage is applied from any input terminal to neutral. Meter will continue to operate even if the neutral is missing.
  • The meter and socket/enclosure must be from the same country of origin otherwise the bid will be rejected.
  • The registration of KWh (peak & off-peak) on 3-phase, 4-wire supply for balanced & unbalanced load will be unidirectional. i.e. if one, two or three phase supply is/are reversed, it will take the absolute (kWh-de) + absolute (kWh-rev) and will add them together as total 3-phase kWh.
  • The meter shall have provision of remote GSM communication option.
  •  The meter shall have permanently printed (not in paper printed) nameplate distinctly market with the following in additional to all standard data:

 

(a)    The word "BPDB" and insignia of BPDB.

(b)   Voltage and current rating.

(c)    Frequency.

(d)   Number of element, number of wire and multiplication factor.

(e)   Accuracy class.

(f)     Year of manufacturer.

(g)   Serial number.

(h)   Name of manufacturer.

(i)     Meter constant.

 

7.02.(A).04  Display of measured values/Meter Display

 

  • The Sequence of LCD display should be user programmable.
  • The contract setting of LCD display should be visible in different lighting environment and also distinctly visible in broad day light.
  • The meter should be capable of displaying time and date, the direction of energy i.e. as import/export or +/-, active tariff and internal fault indicators.
  • There should be up to three groups of display to priorities the display. Each showing a programmable function group.

 

7.02.(A).05  Meter Parameterisation  of Software

 

  • The parameterision software must run on Windows operating environment.
  • The software must be protected by software keys to control duplication and installation.
  • The software should have a customizable printing feature by task list.
  • The meter must be able to display or record meter ID, Program, Programmer ID, C.T. ratio, V.T.ratio, Total (KWh, KVarh, KVAh,KW, KVar, KVA, P.F) per phase (voltage, current, KW, KVar, KVA, P.F, phase voltage angle, phase current angle); Load profile having minimum 8(eight) Channels data stored in different interval for 90 days.
  • Tamper feature: The meter must have Errors & Warnings codes, History log and Event log (minimum 400 events), to record date & time of all power outages. Demand resets, time change.
  • In addition, each software key must bear a unique user ID and that is not transferable to another PC that has difference user ID.
  • The meter should have able to display the phasor diagram.
  • The software for time of use (TOU) shall be compatible to accommodate minimum for tariff and can be customized. If the purchaser changes the tariff . The software shall be compatible with Windows operating system.
  • The meter must be provided with meter pass words to secure communication between meter software and having minimum 3 (three) access levels.

 

 

7.03.(A).01  SPECIFICATION OF 400V, 3×30(100)A, 3-PHASE, 4-WIRE, 3-ELEMENT, OUTDOOR TYPE DOUBLE TARIFF PROGRAMMABLE CONSUMER METER.

 

       The consumer meters are required for the purpose of energy metering of low voltage consumer who purchases power at 400V line. KWh is the unit for revenue purpose.

 

System Voltage  : Nominal service voltage 400V, 3 phase 4 wire, solidly grounded neutral at source, maximum system voltage 440V line to line.

 

System frequency     : 50 Hz

Standard             : The energy meter should be designed, manufactured and tested in accordance with IEC 62052-11, 62053-21, and 62053-23 or ANSI C 12.16, 12.10 (latest publication) or specified in this specification .

 

Installation               : Outdoor installation.

 

Type                    : Solid state.

 

Application         : Registration of KWh (peak & off-peak), Total KVarh (Q1+Q4), KW on 3-phase, 4-wire supply for balanced & unbalanced load (unidirectional) . Peak 17.00-23.00 hrs and off peak 23.00-17.00 hrs (programmable) Bangladesh standard time. The software for Time of Use(TOU) shall be so developed to accommodate minimum total four tariffs and can be customized, if the purchaser changes the tariff. The software shall be compatible with Windows operating system.

 

Connection         : 3-phase 4-wire solidly grounded neutral.

 

Nos. of element  : 3 (three)

 

Rates current            : Basic current 30 amps and maximum current ≥100 amps.

 

Register             : Solid state LCD displays type register. The display shall be programmable, automatic and include:

 

・        Meter ID

・        Time & date.

・        Cumulative KWh (peak & off-peak)

・        Cumulative Total KVarh (Q1+Q4).

・        Maximum demand (KW) with time & date.

・        Cumulative maximum demand (KW) for billing month.

 

Maximum demand (MD) in KW shall be registered using the technique of cumulating on integration period controlled by built-in process and the MD shall be continuously recorded and the highest shall be indicated. The highest MD shall be added to the cumulative store, which shall be automatically initiated after an interval of on month/one billing period by means of built-in timing device.

 

     

・        Integration period: 30(thirty) minutes.

・        Number of MD reset (Automatic & manually).

・        Average PF (Power Factor) for billing period.

 

Instantaneous:

 

・        Phase voltage with indication.

・        Phase amps with direction.

・        Power factor (average)

・        Demand (KW)

・        Voltage angel (each phase)

・        Current angle(each phase)

・        Tempering indication in the register.

 

Memory storage       : The shall have sufficient capacity (minimum 95 KB) to store the following reading and data in non-voltage memory even in case of power failure.

 

・        Equipment identification codes, security codes and access codes.

・        Number of power interruption with date & time (minimum 100 events)

・        Latest power failure time & date.

・        Date & time of meter tempering (voltage & current missing Demand reset, time change).

・        Event logs (Power failure, Demand reset, Time change, History log).

・        Current & Previous month registered in KWh (peak & off-peak) Total KVarh (Q1+Q4)

・        Current & previous month registered with maximum KW demand since last MD reset with time and date of its occurrence.

・        Nos. of Demand reset. 

The meter must have sufficient capacity to store date at 30 (thirty) minutes interval for at least 90 (ninety) days.

・        Load Profile data (KWh, KVarh(Q1+Q4))

・        Phase voltage or Vh

・        Phase amps of Ah

 

Accuracy class   : Accuracy class shall not exceed 1 (one)

 

Number of digit  : Minimum 5 (five) integer with 1 (one) decimal (Total 6 digit).

 

Type of display   : Solid-state LCD display.

 

Time switch        : The time switch shall be built-in type and shall be designed to perform a present cycle of operation. Time switch shall reset MDI at the end of every month (billing period) automatically. In the event of failure of power supply and battery, at the same time set memory shall not be lost i.e. the set program shall be record in non-volatile memory. The maximum error shall be kept within ± 1(one) second per day. Time error adjustment facility shall be provided.

 

 

Battery reserve  : Each time switch must be provided with lithium battery, which allow the switch to function for a period for not less than 10 (ten) years. The guaranteed life of the battery should not be less than 10(ten) years and shall have provision for easy replacement. The shelf life of the battery should be minimum 15 (fifteen) years or more.

 

Construction              : The meter shall be completely self-contain socket or enclosure type. The meter cover shall be made of polycarbonate/ acrylic/phenolic/resin and socket/enclosure cover shall of metal polycarbonate/acrylic/phenolic/resin. The meter cover and socket/enclosure cover shall be provided with security sealing provisions to prevent unauthorized access  to the internal meter works and socket/enclosure cover sealing shall be designed to accommodate both padlock and wire type seal.

 

                     The IEC standard meter shall be minimum IP 51. The ANSI Standard meter shall be effectively sealed to prevent entrance of rain and dust into its internal parts. The meter shall pass Rain test described in underwriter's laboratory standard UL-50 (USA) for type 3 enclosures. A general purpose finish  of class 1 as specified in section 7 of ANSI C12.10 shall be provided for the meter and it shall meet the requirement of weather simulation test (sec. 7.2.1 of ANSI C12.10) and slat spray test (ASTM B117). It shall be designed to operate continuously for the normal life of the meter in unsheltered outdoor tropical location exposed to the elements without corrosion or other damage to parts to adversely affect meter accuracy or reliability.

 

Meter case                       : The meter case shall be constructed by employing flame retardant and high impact strength material. The base, body and frame including terminal block shall be of heat resistive, shock proof and rust proof good quality hard material e.g. unbreakable engineering or stamped metal or molded phenolic resin which shall be capable of withstanding temperature as per IEC or ANSI.

      

Enclosure for IEC Standard Meter     : The meter shall be surface mounted in an outdoor wall mounted metering enclosure box with necessary wiring. The enclosure box should be made either of high quality flame retardant ABS Resin of minimum 3 mm thickness or of galvanized sheet steel of minimum 1.22mm (18 SWG) thickness or of auto extinguishable, shockproof and UV resistant, hot molded glass reinforced polyester pf minimum 3 mm thickness. The box shall have hinged front door with one toughened glass window or transparent UV resistant Polly carbonate to enable easy reading of meter. The metering box shall be weather proof, dust proof, rodent and inspect proof in accordance with enclosure classification IP54. Service cable entry and exit will be sides of the box and 65(sixty five) mm diameter whole with  black PVC conic cable gland shall be provided for side entry & exit for this purpose all material parts shall have anti-corrosive protection.

All materials  shall be designed, manufactured and tested as per IEC or equivalent international standards except as mentioned. The front door shall be removable and provision must be made for sealing in the closed position.

 

Stocked for ANSI Standard Meters    :Meter sockets shall be suitable for installation of offered type meter. Meter socket shall be 3-phase, 4-wire wye, 600 volt class, made from 16 gauge sheet metal. Meter sockets shall be similar except as described below. Meter sockets shall approximately 14'' (35.6 cm) H×9'' (22.9 cm) W×4'' (10.2 cm) D and rectangular in shape. Sockets shall be  the same size as 1-phase sockets and terminal blocks shall be interchangeable. Sockets shall be ring less type, sealing latch to be stainless steel and have adequate means for socket grounding. Meter socket shall have a 2"(5 cm) Diameter top opening complete with a 1-1/4''(3.2 cm) hub. Meter  socket shall have 4 knockouts with a range up to 2"(5cm) Diameter, one on the back in the bottom and one in each side. Meter socket shall company with ANSI C 12.6, 12.10

The Socket shall have written permanently (not in paper printed) "connection diagram" distinctly market in addition to all standard data.

 

Terminal             : Socket connected type/Non-symmetrical, button entry, front connection and connection type with extended terminal cover Minimum 07 Terminals to accommodate up to 16 sq. mm size of cable. The terminal cover for the offered energy meter shall be extended type, and which can be sealed independently. There shall be free space be between bottom of the terminal and the bottom  of the terminal  cover.

 

Connection                : 3-phase, 4-wire solidly grounded neutral.

 

Service life of meter        : Shall be minimum 15 (fifteen) years.

 

Visual indication of operation: Pulse indicator on the front of meter as per meter constant.

 

Special Condition             : a) The factory calibration conforms to relevant IEC or equivalent standard. LCD display shall be shown consecutively and continuously one after another. The display shall be automated i.e. no external means shall be required to see the display. Each display shall last for at least 5 (five) sec.

 

                            b) Meter Electronic Circuit biasing voltage shall have to be ensured from each phase to phase and each phase to neutral and minimum basing voltage 40V.

 

 

Meter Sealing                  : The Energy meter body will be hermetically sealed or ultrasonically welded to avoid unauthorized opening of meter cover. Otherwise the bid will be rejected.

 

Communication port         : The meter must be provided with a suitable communication port to allow down loading of desired information stored in the meter to a PC via hand held data logger as per IEC 1107 or equivalent international standard.

 

7.03.(A).02 TAMPER AND FRAUD PROTECTION FEATURE:

 

The meter shall have the following features to prevent/detect tamper and fraud:

 

  • Phase Sequence Reversal : The meter should work accurately irrespective of phase sequence of supply.
  • Missing Potentials: The meter shall be capable of detecting occurrence of missing potential of one phase or two phases(s), which can happen due to intentional/ accidental disconnection of potential link(s).
  • Terminal cover must have micro-switch provision to monitor unauthorized opening. Opening of terminal cover shall trigger an event to be recorded in the event log memory.
  • Software Access: Software access for configuration and setting of the meters.

 

 

 

7.03.(A).03 TECHNICAL FEATURE

      

  • The meter cover and socket/enclosure shall be provided security sealing provisions to prevent unauthorized access to the internal meter works.
  • The meter shall be provided with connection diagram.
  • The data access should be protected by minimum 3(three) steps software password in meter.
  • The meter shall have provision of phase to phase and each phase to neutral biasing.
  • The meter shall have minimum biasing voltage of 40V otherwise the bid will be rejected.
  • The meter, socket/enclosure shall have provision of earthing.
  • Meter must operate and accurately region demand and energy when service voltage is applied across any two of the three input terminal or when service voltage is applied from any input terminal to neutral. Meter will continue to operate even if the neutral is missing.
  • The meter and socket/enclosure must be from the same country of origin otherwise the bid will be rejected.
  • The registration of KWh (peak & off-peak) on 3-phase, 4-wire supply for balanced & unbalanced load will be unidirectional. i.e. if one, two or three phase supply is/are reversed, it will take the absolute (kWh-de) + absolute (kWh-rev) and will add them together as total 3-phase kWh.
  • The meter shall have provision of remote GSM communication option.
  •  The meter shall have permanently printed (not in paper printed) nameplate distinctly market with the following in additional to all standard data:

 

(j)     The word "BPDB" and insignia of BPDB.

(k)   Voltage and current rating.

(l)     Frequency.

(m) Number of element, number of wire and multiplication factor.

(n)   Accuracy class.

(o)   Year of manufacturer.

(p)   Serial number.

(q)   Name of manufacturer.

(r)    Meter constant.

 

7.03.(A).04  Display of measured values/Meter Display

 

  • The Sequence of LCD display should be user programmable.
  • The contract setting of LCD display should be visible in different lighting environment and also distinctly visible in broad day light.
  • The meter should be capable of displaying time and date, the direction of energy i.e. as import/export or +/-, active tariff and internal fault indicators.
  • There should be up to three groups of display to priorities the display. Each showing a programmable function group.

 

7.03.(A).05  Meter Parameterisation  of Software

 

  • The parameterision software must run on Windows operating environment.
  • The software must be protected by software keys to control duplication and installation.
  • The software should have a customizable printing feature by task list.
  • The meter must be able to display or record meter ID, Program, Programmer ID, C.T. ratio, V.T.ratio, Total (KWh, KVarh, KVAh,KW, KVar, KVA, P.F) per phase (voltage, current, KW, KVar, KVA, P.F, phase voltage angle, phase current angle); Load profile having minimum 8(eight) Channels data stored in different interval for 90 days.
  • Tamper feature: The meter must have Errors & Warnings codes, History log and Event log (minimum 400 events), to record date & time of all power outages. Demand resets, time change.
  • In addition, each software key must bear a unique user ID and that is not transferable to another PC that has difference user ID.
  • The meter should have able to display the phasor diagram.
  • The software for time of use (TOU) shall be compatible to accommodate minimum for tariff and can be customized. If the purchaser changes the tariff . The software shall be compatible with Windows operating system.
  • The meter must be provided with meter pass words to secure communication between meter software and having minimum 3 (three) access levels.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(B) Lot-2:. Procurement of 110V, 3×5(6) A, 3-phase 4-wire, 3-element, outdoor type double tariff programmable consumer energy meter with remote automated reading system.

 

7.04.(B).01  SPECIFICATION OF 110V, 3×5(6)A, 3-PHASE, 4-WIRE, 3-ELEMENT, OUTDOOR TYPE DOUBLE TARIFF PROGRAMMABLE CONSUMER METER.

 

 

The consumer meters are required for the purpose of energy metering of low voltage consumer who purchases power at 11 KV/33 KV line through PT & CT. KWH is the unit for revenue purpose.

 

System Voltage  : Nominal service voltage 110V, 3 phase 4 wire, solidly grounded neutral at source, maximum system voltage 120V line to line.

 

System frequency     : 50 Hz

Standard             : The energy meter should be designed, manufactured and tested in accordance with IEC 62052-11, 62053-22, and 62053-23 or ANSI C 12.16, 12.10 (latest publication) or specified in this specification .

 

Installation               : Outdoor installation.

 

Type                    : Solid state.

 

Application         : Registration of KWh (peak & off-peak), Total KVarh (Q1+Q4), KW on 3-phase, 4-wire supply for balanced & unbalanced load (unidirectional) . Peak 17.00-23.00 hrs and off peak 23.00-17.00 hrs (programmable) Bangladesh standard time. The software for Time of Use(TOU) shall be so developed to accommodate minimum total four tariffs and can be customized, if the purchaser changes the tariff. The software shall be compatible with Windows operating system.

 

Connection         : 3-phase 4-wire solidly grounded neutral.

 

Nos. of element  : 3 (three)

 

Rates current            : Basic current 5 amps and maximum current ≥6 amps.

 

Register             : Solid state LCD displays type register. The display shall be programmable, automatic and include:

 

・        Meter ID

・        Time & date.

・        Cumulative KWh (peak & off-peak)

・        Cumulative Total KVarh (Q1+Q4).

・        Maximum demand (KW) with time & date.

・        Cumulative maximum demand (KW) for billing month.

 

Maximum demand (MD) in KW shall be registered using the technique of cumulating on integration period controlled by built-in process and the MD shall be continuously recorded and the highest shall be indicated. The highest MD shall be added to the cumulative store, which shall be automatically initiated after an interval of on month/one billing period by means of built-in timing device.

     

・        Integration period: 30(thirty) minutes.

・        Number of MD reset (Automatic & manually).

・        Average PF (Power Factor) for billing period.

 

Instantaneous:

 

・        Phase voltage with indication.

・        Phase amps with direction.

・        Power factor (average)

・        Demand (KW)

・        Voltage angel (each phase)

・        Current angle(each phase)

・        Tempering indication in the register.

 

Memory storage       : The shall have sufficient capacity (minimum 95 KB) to store the following reading and data in non-voltage memory even in case of power failure.

 

・        Equipment identification codes, security codes and access codes.

・        Number of power interruption with date & time (minimum 100 events)

・        Latest power failure time & date.

・        Date & time of meter tempering (voltage & current missing Demand reset, time change).

・        Event logs

・        Current & Previous registered in month KWh (peak & off-peak) Total KVarh (Q1+Q4)

・        Current & previous month registered with maximum KW demand since last MD reset with time and date of its occurrence.

・        Nos. of Demand reset. 

The meter must have sufficient capacity to store date at 30 (thirty) minutes interval for at least 90 (ninety) days.

・        Load Profile data (KWh, KVarh(Q1+Q4))

・        Phase voltage or Vh

・        Phase amps of Ah

 

Accuracy class   : Accuracy class is 0.2 (point two)

 

Number of digit  : Minimum 5 (five) integer with 1 (one) decimal (Total 6 digit).

 

Type of display   : Solid-state LCD display.

 

Time switch        : The time switch shall be built-in type and shall be designed to perform a present cycle of operation. Time switch shall reset MDI at the end of every month (billing period) automatically. In the event of failure of power supply and battery, at the same time set memory shall not be lost i.e. the set program shall be record in non-volatile memory. The maximum error shall be kept within ± 1(one) second per day. Time error adjustment facility shall be provided.

 

Battery reserve  : Each time switch must be provided with lithium battery, which allow the switch to function for a period for not less than 10 (ten) years. The guaranteed life of the battery should not be less than 10(ten) years and shall have provision for easy replacement. The shelf life of the battery should be minimum 15 (fifteen) years or more.

 

Construction              : The meter shall be completely self-contain socket or enclosure type. The meter cover shall be made of polycarbonate/ acrylic/phenolic/resin and socket/enclosure cover shall of metal polycarbonate/acrylic/phenolic/resin. The meter cover and socket/enclosure cover shall be provided with security sealing provisions to prevent unauthorized access  to the internal meter works and socket/enclosure  sealing shall be designed to accommodate both padlock and wire type seal.

 

                     The IEC standard meter shall be minimum IP 51. The ANSI Standard meter shall be effectively sealed to prevent entrance of rain and dust into its internal parts. The meter shall pass Rain test described in underwriter's laboratory standard UL-50 (USA) for type 3 enclosures. A general purpose finish  of class 1 as specified in section 7 of ANSI C12.10 shall be provided for the meter and it shall meet the requirement of weather simulation test (sec. 7.2.1 of ANSI C12.10) and slat spray test (ASTM B117). It shall be designed to operate continuously for the normal life of the meter in unsheltered outdoor tropical location exposed to the elements without corrosion or other damage to parts to adversely affect meter accuracy or reliability.

 

Enclosure for IEC Standard Meter     : The meter shall be surface mounted in an outdoor wall mounted metering enclosure box with necessary wiring. The enclosure box should be made either of high quality flame retardant ABS Resin of minimum 3 mm thickness or of galvanized sheet steel of minimum 1.22mm (18 SWG) thickness or of auto extinguishable, shockproof and UV resistant, hot molded glass reinforced polyester pf minimum 3 mm thickness. The box shall have hinged front door with one toughened glass window or transparent UV resistant Polly carbonate to enable easy reading of meter. The metering box shall be weather proof, dust proof, rodent and inspect proof in accordance with enclosure classification IP54. Service cable entry and exit will be sides of the box and 65(sixty five) mm diameter whole with  black PVC conic cable gland shall be provided for side entry & exit for this purpose all material parts shall have anti-corrosive protection.

All materials  shall be designed, manufactured and tested as per IEC or equivalent international standards except as mentioned. The front door shall be removable and provision must be made for sealing in the closed position.

 

Stocket :Meter sockets shall be suitable for installation of offered type meter. Meter socket shall be 3-phase, 4-wire wye, 600 volt class, made from 16 gauge sheet metal. Meter sockets shall be similar except as described below. Meter sockets shall approximately 14'' (35.6 cm) H×9'' (22.9 cm) W×4'' (10.2 cm) D and rectangular in shape. Sockets shall be  the same size as 1-phase sockets and terminal blocks shall be interchangeable. Sockets shall be ring less type, sealing latch to be stainless steel and have adequate means for socket grounding. Meter socket shall have a 2''(5 cm) Diameter top opening complete with a 1-1/4''(3.2 cm) hub. Meter  socket shall have 4 knockouts with a range up to 2"(5cm) Diameter, one on the back in the bottom and one in each side. Meter socket shall company with ANSI C 12.6, 12.10

The Socket shall have written permanently (not in paper printed) "connection diagram" distinctly market in addition to all standard data.

 

Terminal             : Socket connected type/Non-symmetrical, button entry, front connection and connection type with extended terminal cover Minimum 07 Terminals to accommodate up to 06 sq. mm size of cable. The terminal cover for the offered energy meter shall be extended type, and which can be sealed independently. There shall be free space be between bottom of the terminal and the bottom  of the terminal  cover.

 

Connection                : 3-phase, 4-wire solidly grounded neutral.

 

Service life of meter        : Shall be minimum 15 (fifteen) years.

 

Visual indication of operation: Pulse indicator on the front of meter as per meter constant.

 

Special Condition             : a) The factory calibration conforms to relevant IEC or equivalent standard. LCD display shall be shown consecutively and continuously one after another. The display shall be automated i.e. no external means shall be required to see the display. Each display shall last for at least 5 (five) sec.

 

                            b) Meter Electronic Circuit biasing voltage shall have to be ensured from each phase to phase and each phase to neutral and minimum basing voltage 40V.

 

 

Meter Sealing                  : The Energy meter body will be hermetically sealed or ultrasonically welded to avoid unauthorized opening of meter cover. Otherwise the Tender will be rejected.

 

Communication port         : The meter must be provided with a suitable communication port to allow down loading of desired information stored in the meter to a PC via hand held data logger as per IEC 1107 or equivalent international standard.

 

Remote Communication  : The meter shall be equipped with external GSM Modem, which will be able to interface with RS232/RS485 and designed for data, GPRS etc, communication, having all accessories like power supply adapter, necessary connecting cables, antenna with, minimum five meter cable, connections, enclosure box with fixing materials etc. complete in all respect for remote communication.

 

7.04(B.02 TAMPER AND FRAUD PROTECTION FEATURE:

 

The meter shall have the following features to prevent/detect tamper and fraud:

 

  • Phase Sequence Reversal : The meter should work accurately irrespective of phase sequence of supply.
  • Missing Potentials: The meter shall be capable of detecting occurrence of missing potential of one phase or two phases(s), which can happen due to intentional/ accidental disconnection of potential link(s).
  • Terminal cover must have micro-switch provision to monitor unauthorized opening. Opening of terminal cover shall trigger an event to be recorded in the event log memory.
  • Software Access: Software access for configuration and setting of the meters.

 

7.04(B.03 TECHNICAL FEATURE

      

  • The meter cover and socket/enclosure shall be provided security sealing provisions to prevent unauthorized access to the internal meter works.
  • The meter shall be provided with connection diagram.
  • The data access should be protected by minimum 3(three) steps software password in meter.
  • The meter shall have provision of phase to phase and each phase to neutral biasing.
  • The meter shall have minimum biasing voltage of 40V otherwise the bid will be rejected.
  • The meter, socket/enclosure shall have provision of earthing.
  • Meter must operate and accurately region demand and energy when service voltage is applied across any two of the three input terminal or when service voltage is applied from any input terminal to neutral. Meter will continue to operate even if the neutral is missing.
  • The meter and socket/enclosure must be from the same country of origin otherwise the bid will be rejected.
  • The registration of KWh (peak & off-peak) on 3-phase, 4-wire supply for balanced & unbalanced load will be unidirectional. i.e. if one, two or three phase supply is/are reversed, it will take the absolute (kWh-de) + absolute (kWh-rev) and will add them together as total 3-phase kWh.
  • The meter shall have provision of remote GSM  & PSTN action option.
  •  The meter shall have permanently printed (not in paper printed) nameplate distinctly market with the following in additional to all standard data:

 

(1)   The word "BPDB" and insignia of BPDB.

(2)   Voltage and current rating.

(3)   Frequency.

(4)   Number of element, number of wire and multiplication factor.

(5)   Accuracy class.

(6)   Year of manufacturer.

(7)   Serial number.

(8)   Name of manufacturer.

(9) Meter constant.

 

 

7.04.(B).04  Display of measured values/Meter Display

 

  • The Sequence of LCD display should be user programmable.
  • The contract setting of LCD display should be visible in different lighting environment and also distinctly visible in broad day light.
  • The meter should be capable of displaying time and date, the direction of energy i.e. as import/export or +/-, active tariff and internal fault indicators.
  • There should be up to three groups of display to priorities the display. Each showing a programmable function group.

 

7.04.(B).05  Meter Parameterisation  of Software

 

  • The parameterision software must run on Windows operating environment.
  • The software must be protected by software keys to control duplication and installation.
  • The software should have a customizable printing feature by task list.
  • The meter must be able to display or record meter ID, Program, Programmer ID, C.T. ratio, V.T.ratio, Total (KWh, KVarh, KVAh,KW, KVar, KVA, P.F) per phase (voltage, current, KW, KVar, KVA, P.F, phase voltage angle, phase current angle); Load profile having minimum 8(eight) Channels data stored in different interval for 90 days.
  • Tamper feature: The meter must have Errors & Warnings codes, History log and Event log (minimum 400 events), to record date & time of all power outages. Demand resets, time change.
  • In addition, each software key must bear a unique user ID and that is not transferable to another PC that has difference user ID.
  • The meter should have able to display the phasor diagram.
  • The software for time of use (TOU) shall be compatible to accommodate minimum for tariff and can be customized. If the purchaser changes the tariff . The software shall be compatible with Windows operating system.
  • The meter must be provided with meter pass words to secure communication between meter software and having minimum 3 (three) access levels.

 

 

 

7.04(B).06 EXTERNAL MODEM WITH ACCESSORIES

 

A GSM/ PSTN/ TCP-IP Modem with RS-232/ RS-485 ports and interface capabilities and designed for data, SMS and GPRS etc. having all accessories like power supply adaptor, connection cables, antenna with minimum five meter cable, enclosure box, wall/ cubicle fixing materials and connectors etc shall be supplied complete in all respect for each meter. The modern will be of robust type, durable and compatible with the Employer's service conditions.

 

7.04.(B).07 AMAR SOFTWARE

 

7.04.(B).07.1 GENERAL SPECIFICATION

 

Design/supply, installation, configuration and commissioning of an AMR Software package in English Version running on the server located at zonal HQs/Dhaka Computer Center/ Energy Auditing Unites of BPDB Zones. The software must automatically collect and  process date from the 1,000 Energy Meter and cater for data acquisition, data import and export, database management and archiving, data checking and validation, standard and customer report generation, event management and remote setting of Energy Meters. The AMR Software shall have flexible interfacing capabilities so that meter readings from any or all meters can be exchanged with the current and future billing systems, with any future installations. The AMR shall completer a full down of all meter's data between 12:00AM to 8 AM on the first day of each calendar month. Automated Meter Reading shall have multilevel security and access protection required for separation of control of the functions of billing. Analyzing load and other pertinent parameters needed for billing , energy audit and power parameters analysis, and customized reporting. The scope of the software for the automated meter reading system shall include but is not limited to:

 

a.   Automatic and on request meter reading for up to 1,000 Energy meters included tendered 500 meters.

b.      Data stored in database similar to Oracle or SQL.

c.       The System shall be able to import and export all types of data stored in the database in any of the following standards formats (XML/PHP/ASCII/CSVT/TXT/MS Excel or equivalent) or via standard database query tools.

d.      It shall also be possible to access the functions of the AMR software from applications developed by the Employer either by batch file commands and or an Application Program interface.

e.       The system shall be multi level password protected.

f.        Detection of negative values, significant deviations from prior consumption patterns.

g.       The system shall provided analysis tools to identify active and reactive energy for each tariff and direction by user defined period, maximum and minimum active and reactive power, duration of single or multiple phase outages, load profile, loss calculation, register data, phase voltage, phase current, power factor per phase, Phesore diagram, event log data, energy balances, and power quality data etc.

h.       The system shall be able to read one modem for one meter or multiple meters over a single modem.

i.         The software shall be able to read data from other internationally reputed manufacturer's meters if protocol of those meters are to be provided.

j.        Minimum 10(ten) user license in the name of BPDB has to be provided.

 

7.04.(B).07.2 PROVISION OF FIELD PROVEN EQUIPMENT

 

The Employer equipment and software offered as part of the complete Remote Metering System has already been developed and field-proven by use with equivalent systems. Tenderness shall provide reference list for their products where they were employed in similar projects. The following references for each offered equipment are required :

 

  • At least two similar AMR software already installed and operational-each operating over 200 meters.
  • Non proprietary and non custom-tailored solutions and products based on internationally recognized standards will be preferred.

 

7.05 Documentations:

 

7.05.1    The following documentations shall be submit ed along with the tender:

 

Original Printed Catalogues with detail technical information. Constructional diagram and dimensions of the Meters, Socket/enclosure, Modem and AMR Software.

 

7.05.2    The following documents/sample must be submitted along with the tender, without which the tender shall be considered as non-responsive:

 

  1. Commercial

 

The shall be eligible as per ITT Clause No.4 and they should submit Tender validity, Tender Security, Tender Security validity, Price Schedule, Delivery Schedule, Authorization of the signatory, Tender Submission Sheet/Letter, Tendered information sheet & Documentary evidence for establishing the Tender's Qualifications etc. and all other documents including information related to rejection class as per Standard Tender Documents for procurement of Goods [international] according to PPR-2008.

 

  1. Technical

 

1)      Filled up Guaranteed Technical Particulars (GTP) signed by both Manufacturer and Tenderer.

2)      Letter of authorization from the Manufacturers, in case, the Tenders is not the manufacturer, in prescribed Form.

3)      Year wish supply record  of the manufacturer for the offered type meters are to be submitter. Minimum 50% of Tendered quantity are to be supplied by the manufacturer in a single contract within last 5(five) years. The supply record shall include the client's name & address, quantity of meter, year of supply etc. in the following format:-

SI No.

Nam, Address, Phone No & Fax No., of the Purchaser

Contract No. & Date

Contract Value

Description of Material with Quantity

Date of Completion of Supply

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4)      Satisfactory Performance certificate from at least 2 (two) end users (utility) for the offered type & mode of meter from outside manufacturer's country.

5)      Minimum 50 thousand production per annum except from the country of orgin.

6)      Type Test report as per relevant international standard in English along with results of the offered type & model energy meter from anyone of the following Independent testing laboratory.

 

a.       KEMA, Holland

b.      European Measuring instruments Directive (MID) recognized labs.

c.       Office of the Gas and Electricity Market, UK/S G S UK

d.      Under Writer's Laboratory, USA

e.       MET Laboratories Inc. USA.

 

The bidder shall also submit the type test reference number and contract person from the independent test laboratory  to verify the test report.

 

7)      One sample of each offered model/ type of meter is to be submitted.

8)      Manufacturers will ensure unconditional warranty as described in Section -06 Manufacturer's Authorisation Letter (Form PG4-7) & Section-8 Guaranteed Technical Particulars.

 

7.06          Acceptance

 

The purchaser shall have the right to inspect/test the goods to confirm their conformity to the specification.

The routine test shall be carried out as latest version of respective ANSI/IEC standard at the manufacturer premises at the supplier's cost.

 

 

Routine test:

 

Materials will be at the manufacturer's factory and all cost of the test shall be borne by the supplier. The test and survey report shall have to be sent  to the purchaser before shipment. Shipment will be effected after the purchaser has accepted the test and  survey report and has information the supplier to this effect.

 

In case any of the equipment found not conforming with the specification at the time of inspection,  the supplier will in no way be relieved to the responsibility of  replacing those or making those goods at their own cost, even if the equipment where found good at the time of pre-shipment.

 

7.07          TECHNICAL ORIENTATION AND QUALITY TEST WITNESS.

 

The purchaser shall have the right  to inspect/test the goods/materials to confirm their conformity to the specification. The purchaser shall be entitle at all reasonable time during manufacturer to inspect, example and test of goods/materials at the manufacturer's premises, workmanship and performance. The following test shall be carried out as per latest version of ANSI/IEC or equivalent international standard unless otherwise at the manufacturer premises at the manufacturer permission or other place where the test facilities are available:-

 

-         Routine tests

 

The Supplier shall, after consulting the purchaser, give the Purchaser reasonable notice in writing of the date and the place at which any material or equipment will be ready for testing as provided in the contract and unless the purchaser shall attend at the place so named on date, which shall be deemed to have been made in the purchaser's and shall from with forward to the purchaser duly certified copies of test readings.

 

When the purchaser intends to attend the test he shall promptly inform the supplier accordingly in writing, so that he can take action. The purchaser shall give the supplier timely notice in writing of his intention to attend the test.

Where the supplier provides for tests on the premises of the supplier or of any manufacturer of the supplier, except where otherwise specified, shall provide free of such assistance, labor, materials, electricity, fuel, stores, apparatus and instruments as may be requisite and as may be reasonably demanded to carry out such test efficiently. These test shall be performed as per relevant IEC/ ANSI Standard or equivalent international standard and only routine tests as agreed upon, will be performed.

 

As and when the purchaser is satisfied that any materials/ equipment shall have. Passes the tests referred to in this clause, purchaser shall notify the contractor in writing to that effect.

 

Should any inspected/ tested goods fail to conform to the specification, the purchaser shall have the right to reject any of the items or complete batch if necessary. In that case supplier has to replace the equipment and to make good of them without any financial involvement to the Purchaser. In case any of the Equipment will in no way be relieved from the responsibility of replacing them or making Inspection, the supplier will in no way be relieved from the responsibility them of replacing or making them good at their own cost, despite the Equipment were found good at the time of Factory Acceptance Test. Nothing in this clause shall in any way release supplier from any warranty or other obligations under the contract.

 

If the offered goods are manufactured outside the  purchaser's country then BPDB's Inspection Team shall have to contract Technical Orientation and Quality Test Witness at the manufacturer's factory premises. The cost incurred for this purpose shall be borne by the contractor. The cost of Air Tickets (both way) from Bangladesh to manufacturer's country (place of Technical Orientation and Quality Test Witness), Hotel Accommodation etc. Will be borne by the Supplier. Other than this the Supplier will pay a standard amount of pocket money per day (Excluding journey period). The period for this purpose is more or less 10(ten) days. Technical orientation and Quality Test Witness will be attended by 03 (three) BPDB engineers from relevant offices. The supplier shall also train 15 (fifteen) BPDB  Engineers for 5 (five) days at Dhaka. All the cost of this purpose shall be deemed is included in the offered price.

 

No goods shall be packed, prepared for shipment/ delivery unless it has been approved including Test reports and instruction has been issued by the Purchaser.

 

The tendered has to mention the place of Technical Orientation and Quality Test Witness in the following table:-

SI.No.

Item

Period of Technical Orientation and Quality Test Witness

Place & Country of Technical Orientation and Quality Test Witness

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Described as above the meter test in addition for each type of meter 1(one) meter from each group [400V, 3x10(60)A; 400V, 3x30(100)A & 110V, 3x5(6) A] will be selected on a random basis for testing in an independent testing lab for the following tests: i) Dry heat test; ii) Damp heat, cycle test; iii) electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test. The tender will arrange these tests in an independent Testing Laboratory during Quality Test Witness.

 

 

7.08          POST LANDING INSPECTION

 

Post landing inspection shall be done immediately after the arrival of the materials/ equipment at the designed store of BPDB. The energineer & represection from consignec shall conduct post-landing inspection. The program of such inspection shall be intimated to the representative of the supplier by BPDB upon arrival of the materials/equipment at BPDB store.

 

7.09          PACKING:

 

Meters must be expert packed and properly protected for shipment, rough transportation and storage Specific care shall be taken for protection in store and reference is made to the climatic condition prevailing in Bangladesh.

 

Each unit shall be sealed in waterproof in waterproof polyethylene bag having a silica gel placed inside the unit and then packed in polystyrene form gasket closed by self adhesive tape rating of the meter shall be marked by market pen or label on the form for easy identification.

 

Maximum 10(ten) nos. of complete metering units are allowed to pack into a wooden box lined with heavy gauge polyethylene. Between metering units a suitable packing material for protection and preventing their movement should be used. Silica gel should be provided inside each polyethylene wrapper. The packing case should be able to withstand accidental direct exposure to weather for reasonable period.

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2009年2月10日星期二

上网十诫

Remember other members 记住别人的存在 
Don't abuse your power 不要滥用权利 
Share expert knowledge 分享你的知识
Respect other people's privacy 尊重他人的隐私 
Make yourself look good online 给自己网上留个好印象 
Know where you are in cyberspace 入乡随俗 
Help keep flame wars under control 平心静气地争论 
Be forgiving of other people's mistakes 宽容
Respect other people's time and bandwidth 尊重别人的时间和带宽 
Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life 网上网下行为一致

2009年1月8日星期四

印刷线路板(PCB)元件布局结构设计

一、印刷线路元件布局结构设计讨论
  
一台性能优良的仪器,除选择高质量的元器件,合理的电路外,印刷线路板的元件布局和电气连线方向的正确结构设计是决定仪器能否可靠工作的一个关键问题,对同一种元件和参数的电路,由于元件布局设计和电气连线方向的不同会产生不同的结果,其结果可能存在很大的差异。
因而,必须把如何正确设计印刷线路板元件布局的结构和正确选择布线方向及整体仪器的工艺结构三方面联合起来考虑,合理的工艺结构,既可消除因布线不当而产生的噪声干扰,同时便于生产中的安装、调试与检修等。  下面我们针对上述问题进行讨论,由于优良“结构”没有一个严格的“定义”和“模式”,因而下面讨论,只起抛砖引玉的作用,仅供参考。
每一种仪器的结构必须根据具体要求(电气性能、整机结构安装及面板布局等要求),采取相应的结构设计方案,并对几种可行设计方案进行比较和反复修改。印刷板电源、地总线的布线结构选择----系统结构:模拟电路和数字电路在元件布局图的设计和布线方法上有许多相同和不同之处。模拟电路中,由于放大器的存在,由布线产生的极小噪声电压,都会引起输出信号的严重失真,在数字电路中,TTL噪声容限为0.4V~0.6V,CMOS噪声容限为Vcc的0.3~0.45倍,故数字电路具有较强的抗干扰的能力。良好的电源和地总线方式的合理选择是仪器可靠工作的重要保证,相当多的干扰源是通过电源和地总线产生的,其中地线引起的噪声干扰最大。

二、印刷电路板图设计的基本原则要求  

1.印刷电路板的设计,从确定板的尺寸大小开始,印刷电路板的尺寸因受机箱外壳大小限制,以能恰好安放入外壳内为宜,其次,应考虑印刷电路板与外接元器件(主要是电位器、插口或另外印刷电路板)的连接方式。印刷电路板与外接元件一般是通过塑料导线或金属隔离线进行连接。但有时也设计成插座形式。即:在设备内安装一个插入式印刷电路板要留出充当插口的接触位置。对于安装在印刷电路板上的较大的元件,要加金属附件固定,以提高耐振、耐冲击性能。  2.布线图设计的基本方法  
首先需要对所选用元件器及各种插座的规格、尺寸、面积等有完全的了解;对各部件的位置安排作合理的、仔细的考虑,主要是从电磁场兼容性、抗干扰的角度,走线短,交叉少,电源,地的路径及去耦等方面考虑。各部件位置定出后,就是各部件的连线,按照电路图连接有关引脚,完成的方法有多种,印刷线路图的设计有计算机辅助设计与手工设计方法两种。  
最原始的是手工排列布图。这比较费事,往往要反复几次,才能最后完成,这在没有其它绘图设备时也可以,这种手工排列布图方法对刚学习印刷板图设计者来说也是很有帮助的。计算机辅助制图,现在有多种绘图软件,功能各异,但总的说来,绘制、修改较方便,并且可以存盘贮存和打印。  
接着,确定印刷电路板所需的尺寸,并按原理图,将各个元器件位置初步确定下来,然后经过不断调整使布局更加合理,印刷电路板中各元件之间的接线安排方式如下:  
(1)印刷电路中不允许有交叉电路,对于可能交叉的线条,可以用“钻”、“绕”两种办法解决。即,让某引线从别的电阻、电容、三极管脚下的空隙处“钻”过去,或从可能交叉的某条引线的一端“绕”过去,在特殊情况下如何电路很复杂,为简化设计也允许用导线跨接,解决交叉电路问题。 
(2)电阻、二极管、管状电容器等元件有“立式”,“卧式”两种安装方式。立式指的是元件体垂直于电路板安装、焊接,其优点是节省空间,卧式指的是元件体平行并紧贴于电路板安装,焊接,其优点是元件安装的机械强度较好。这两种不同的安装元件,印刷电路板上的元件孔距是不一样的。  
(3)同一级电路的接地点应尽量靠近,并且本级电路的电源滤波电容也应接在该级接地点上。特别是本级晶体管基极、发射极的接地点不能离得太远,否则因两个接地点间的铜箔太长会引起干扰与自激,采用这样“一点接地法”的电路,工作较稳定,不易自激。  
(4)总地线必须严格按高频-中频-低频一级级地按弱电到强电的顺序排列原则,切不可随便翻来复去乱接,级与级间宁肯可接线长点,也要遵守这一规定。特别是变频头、再生头、调频头的接地线安排要求更为严格,如有不当就会产生自激以致无法工作。调频头等高频电路常采用大面积包围式地线,以保证有良好的屏蔽效果。  
(5)强电流引线(公共地线,功放电源引线等)应尽可能宽些,以降低布线电阻及其电压降,可减小寄生耦合而产生的自激。  
(6)阻抗高的走线尽量短,阻抗低的走线可长一些,因为阻抗高的走线容易发笛和吸收信号,引起电路不稳定。电源线、地线、无反馈元件的基极走线、发射极引线等均属低阻抗走线,射极跟随器的基极走线、收录机两个声道的地线必须分开,各自成一路,一直到功效末端再合起来,如两路地线连来连去,极易产生串音,使分离度下降。  

三、印刷板图设计中应注意下列几点  

1.布线方向:从焊接面看,元件的排列方位尽可能保持与原理图相一致,布线方向最好与电路图走线方向相一致,因生产过程中通常需要在焊接面进行各种参数的检测,故这样做便于生产中的检查,调试及检修(注:指在满足电路性能及整机安装与面板布局要求的前提下)。  

2.各元件排列,分布要合理和均匀,力求整齐,美观,结构严谨的工艺要求。  

3.电阻,二极管的放置方式:分为平放与竖放两种:  
(1)平放:当电路元件数量不多,而且电路板尺寸较大的情况下,一般是采用平放较好;对于1/4W以下的电阻平放时,两个焊盘间的距离一般取4/10英寸,1/2W的电阻平放时,两焊盘的间距一般取5/10英寸;二极管平放时,1N400X系列整流管,一般取3/10英寸;1N540X系列整流管,一般取4~5/10英寸。  
(2)竖放:当电路元件数较多,而且电路板尺寸不大的情况下,一般是采用竖放,竖放时两个焊盘的间距一般取1~2/10英寸。  

4.电位器:IC座的放置原则  
(1)电位器:在稳压器中用来调节输出电压,故设计电位器应满中顺时针调节时输出电压升高,反时针调节器节时输出电压降低;在可调恒流充电器中电位器用来调节充电电流折大小,设计电位器时应满中顺时针调节时,电流增大。电位器安放位轩应当满中整机结构安装及面板布局的要求,因此应尽可能放轩在板的边缘,旋转柄朝外。  
(2)IC座:设计印刷板图时,在使用IC座的场合下,一定要特别注意IC座上定位槽放置的方位是否正确,并注意各个IC脚位是否正确,例如第1脚只能位于IC座的右下角线或者左上角,而且紧靠定位槽(从焊接面看)。  

5.进出接线端布置  

(1)相关联的两引线端不要距离太大,一般为2~3/10英寸左右较合适。  
(2)进出线端尽可能集中在1至2个侧面,不要太过离散。  

6.设计布线图时要注意管脚排列顺序,元件脚间距要合理。  

7.在保证电路性能要求的前提下,设计时应力求走线合理,少用外接跨线,并按一定顺充要求走线,力求直观,便于安装,高度和检修。  

8.设计布线图时走线尽量少拐弯,力求线条简单明了。  

9.布线条宽窄和线条间距要适中,电容器两焊盘间距应尽可能与电容引线脚的间距相符;

10.设计应按一定顺序方向进行,例如可以由左往右和由上而下的顺序进行

Google Adsense介绍

 一、什么是Google AdSense?
��大名鼎鼎的Google是世界三大互联网公司之一,是使用人数最多的搜索引擎网站,其股票每股高达500美金,位居全球股市之首。本文主要给大家

讲解一下网站如何通过Google赚钱。
��Google AdSense是由Google提供的广告联盟,是一个快速简便的网上赚钱方法,申请加入Google 广告联盟后,将一段代码放在你的网站任何网页

就会显示Google的关键词广告,只要有人点击了这些广告,Google就会给您支付广告收入。当某个月底佣金累计达到100美元时你就可以收到Google寄

过来的"工资"了。 
��如果你拥有自己的网站,就可以申请加入Google AdSense,无论网站是个人的还是商业的。如果你的网站想投放Google的广告,通过自己的网站

实现网络赚钱的目的,都可以进入Google广告申请网页>>点击"透过 Google AdSense 使您的网站产生收益"
��做Google广告联盟应该注意的:Google是世界三大互联网公司之一,拥有很高的网络技术,所以站长千万不要作弊!任何时候都不要点击自己网

站里的Google广告,这些行为很容易被Google监察出来,一旦被发现是会被封号的,并且永远也别想着解封。安心做好网站内容就行了,网站内容不

断增加、Google广告联盟的收入也会不断的递增的!

如何申请Google广告联盟?


  二、常见问题

  A:可以将Google广告联盟代码放到多个网站上吗?
  Q:可以,虽然申请时填了一个网址,但是Google给了您一段代码,里面有您的ID号,允许放在多个网站上。
  A:可以重复申请多个Google广告联盟帐号吗?
  Q不可以!因为一个帐号可以在多个网站上使用,你不需要为5个不同的网站创造5个帐号,一个帐号就能完成一切。Google的监测技术会跟踪你在

它网站上的一切活动,如果被Google发现你有两个以上的帐号,则会删除你所有的帐号!你的收入就全泡汤了,切记呀!
  A:如果我的Google广告联盟帐号被封怎么办?
  Q如果你不是作弊的话,可以给Google发邮件申诉;但如果你以前却实有点击过自己广告等作弊行为而被封的话就只能重新申请了,重新申请时不

要再用以前的网址、邮箱和地址,这三样都换成新的就可以通过了,等通过后你再将广告代码放在你以前的网址和你的新网址就可以重新获得Google

收入了。
  A:如何避免Goolge的公益广告?
  Q:公益广告是不可避免的,Google允许您在应该显示公益广告时换成您自己的广告。
  另外,上传带有Google推广代的网页后,并不能马上显示广告,有的可能要过段时间才行。有的则显示没有任何收入的公益广告!
  A:我的网站怎么显示的全是Google公益广告?
  Q:如果发现这种情况你应该马上登录Google AdSense!如果用你的帐号和密码都可以登录进去Google广告联盟的话,请放心!你的帐号没有被封,

出现这种情况是因为Google的广告匹配系统出问题了,通常一小时左右会恢复正常。另外一种情况就是你的网站刚放入Google广告联盟代码,Google

还没有那么快分析出你网站的关键字,没办法将指定广告投放到你的网站,需要2小时至12小时以内才可以显示Google广告。
  如果用你的帐号和密码不能登录进去Google广告联盟的话,那就是你的帐号被封了,你需要向Google申诉,如果申诉不成功就要重新注册了。 如

何申请Google广告联盟 
  A:放Google代码的地方为什么会出现"你无权查看该页"?
  Q:请放心,你的帐号并没有被封(如果帐号被封显示的应该全是公益广告);
    1、如果你曾修改过Google的代码。你最好还是到Google网站里重新获取一下代码!
    2、你所用的上网宽带出现了接口问题
    3、Google广告系统服务器无法登录
如果你没有手动去修改过Google广告联盟代码的话,无须惊慌,两到三个小时就可以自动恢复

  Google AdSense支付
  当您的广告费满100美元时,Google会寄支票给您。带上支票和身份证,另外带点钱(30-50元就够了),去中国银行等银行办理,具体操作银行工

作人员会告诉您的。
  Google Adsense的要求
  诚实,这可能是对中国绝大多数个人站点最大的要求。成为Google Adsense的用户,你永远不要准备任何作弊行为!你自己不能点击自己的广告,

即使想测试一下也不允许。一个IP在24小时之内一次以上的点击是无效的,通过代理服务器的点击是违反规定的,你不要试图采用软件或其他的方式

作弊,对Google Adsense,你的行为都将显得极其愚蠢和可笑。
  Google Adsense的封号惩罚
  最大的惩罚就是停止你的帐号,一旦Google Adsense中止了你的帐号,你将永远不要奢望可以拿回帐号和里面已经存在的收入,即使已经到手的

支票在兑付过程中也会被拒绝支付。而相应的你的ADWARDS服务也会被停止,你使用的名字,银行帐号,收款地址和IP都将被拒绝。

脑筋急转弯2009

脑筋急转弯2009

问:一个永远只要你对她负责,她却永远不对你负责的是什么?
答:二奶。
错,银行。

你每天都在想,但是说了你又不相信的是什么?
答:中了500万。
错,事实真相。

问:说起来和你时时刻刻密切相关,但是需要时看不见找不着的是什么?
答:空气。
错,相关部门。

问:左手拿大喇叭说迷药效果良好,右手拿大喇叭痛斥迷药危害的是什么?
答:江湖骗子。
错,CCTV。

问:女娲要是在当代,补天会用什么材料?
答:五彩石。
错,肾结石。

问:比上大学还贵的是什么?
答:出国留学。
错,幼儿园。

问:有人从几千米高空直接跌落到千米左右,都面不改色,是什么人?
答:是飞机里的乘客或者是跳伞员。
错,是股民。

问:某人第一个月拿1000元工资,第二个月拿700,第三个月拿500,请问工资是降低还是增长?
答:降低。
错,负增长。

问:老板叫你卷铺盖走人,意味着什么?
答:失业。
错,待业。

问:全副武装的人与手无寸铁的人进行激烈的搏斗,是什么情景?
答:抗日时期国军的战斗情景。
错,城管执法。

问:你只会有10平米的房屋,邻居从90平米换到190平米,请问你的居住面积有没有增加?
答:没有。
错,你的平均住房面积增加了50平米。

问:一人有100万,另外一人有0元,请问这个人是不是穷人?
答:是。
错,叫待富。

问:明明知道你口袋里只有5元,却搞一大堆数据忽悠说你实际真的有10元的是什么?
答:是骗子。
错,是统计局。

来自西祠等。

你所不知道的瓦力

2008-12-05 11:37:08   来自: 布衣苏梦枕 (南昌)

WALL・E / 瓦力的评论   *****


  《瓦力》的想法15年前就在导演心里就开始有了,起初只想到是一个被遗弃在地球的机器人。
  
  《瓦力》制作的起初两年,主创人员的办公室里每天都在哼唱〈put on your sunday clothes>,很让人崩溃。
  
  《瓦力》的片头其实是受到《疯狂约会美丽都》的启发,这一幕花了七个月的时间。
  
  《瓦力》最初的名字叫做《垃圾星球》。
  
  《瓦力》总共费时四年,超过二百人参加进来,如果只让一个人完成这些工作的话,大概需要442年。
  
  瓦力眼睛的制造想法,源于导演在看球时儿子的望眼镜。眼睛里那里转动的念头,则是受到照相机里对焦时镜头扭动的启发。
  
  在瓦力追伊芙的过程中,他搭了一个简易的娃娃头,其实那是《怪兽电力公司》里大眼仔的天线公仔。当然电影中,还有更多皮克斯的形象出现,比如那破旧的小黄卡车也是《玩具总动员》里的人物。
  
  瓦力追逐的飞船的光点,其实是飞船用来测量哪里有平地适合降落的。
  
  导演斯坦顿承认,电影受到卓别林和基顿的很大影响,学习这两位喜剧大师如果在没有台词的情况可以深入剧情当中,为了学习这两位大师,他带领团队把市面上所有能买到的关于他们的DVD都看了一遍。
  
  著名的异形演员西格妮韦弗在电影中为公理号的控制电脑配音,导演说韦弗是他最喜欢的科幻片英雄之一。
  
  《瓦力》的配乐是托马斯纽曼,他的父亲阿尔弗雷德・纽曼是9座奥斯卡音乐奖得主,如果你还对这个名字不熟悉,那么,〈肖申克的救赎〉,〈美丽丽人〉你总该看过吧。
  
  《瓦力》的摄影其实并不是只是简单的电脑制作,也在这部电影里,动画片首次尝试了在电脑虚拟场景中再设置一台虚拟的摄影机拍摄,并注重景深和变焦,在那瓦力被超市购物车撞倒的画面中,我们可以清楚的看到伊芙模糊的身影出现在镜头面前。
  
  《瓦力》还请到了著名的摄影师罗杰迪根斯来指导,罗杰在现场给制作人员教导如何用灯光再造场景时,所有人都差不多昏昏欲睡。如果你不知道罗杰是谁,好吧,柯恩兄弟的常用摄影,包括最近的老无所依以及神枪手之死。
  
  伊芙的激光枪声音来自于一根被拉到到二米开外的沙发弹簧,轻轻触碰最底部,就会发出啾啾的声音。在那一幕轮船爆炸引来沙尘暴的音效,是工作人员拖着一个巨重的沙袋在宾馆过道里制造出来的。
  
  在花絮里,有一段瓦力与伊芙掉落在垃圾里,然后有小瓦力遇到飞船上巨大的垃圾清理器对目而视的搞笑画面。
  
  《瓦力》那坦克履带的声音,则是来自一台军用无线电的发电机,音效师班邦特为了这部电影特意网购了一台这样的老古董。忘了说了,班邦特还是星球大战的音效师。
  
  
  在《瓦力》最早期的设计中,人类的形像并不如现在这么婴儿肥,而一坨绿色的果冻,导演最初的想法是人类在那个时候已经连肉体都没有了。这,真是黑暗。
  
  
  《瓦力》高潮时刻中的飞船倾倒,是向《海神号》致敬。后来,船长站立起来时,用的配乐,却来自老库的《漫游2001》,还有,《瓦力》中的小强哈尔,这也是《漫游2001》中的那台巨型电脑的名字。
  
  
  《瓦力》的片尾被很多人都惊叹不已,从洞穴壁画,象形文字到希腊艺术,达文西素描,最近在印象派中打住脚步,这是因为,导演认为印象派象征着天堂。。汗。。
  
  
  以上说的均是根据〈瓦力〉的花絮碟整理出来的,这套碟还是全汉化版本的,比如《瓦力》开始不久地上的报纸,还有广告牌上的中文宣传语:垃圾清扫,人人有责 清扫任务,使命必达。。在这个汉化版本里,所有的英文标识和词语(外来污染源和操作手册什么的)都替换成标准的中字,再加上有趣的菜单设计(花絮碟设计为外星人和地球人两个选项,分别代表着影迷和家庭选择)和丰富的花絮(还有皮克斯的音效史),这该是我今年最有爱的藏碟了。
  
  
  结语:这该是我最近几年看过最好看的动画片了,一下就跃居到皮克斯头名的份上,电影不只是简单的搞笑,不只有假意的温暖,而是实实在在有着让人感动,欣慰,欢乐的好电影。在导评里,导演说:这电影中,只有瓦力是在真正的生活着,因为只有它在追求爱。。。生活中,我们大多数人都还不如这只小小破旧的机器人呢。。。
  

2009年1月7日星期三

一年中全国各种考证时间大汇总

一月考试表 法律硕士专业学位考试 中旬 初试一般为每年1月中旬左右,复试一般在5月上旬前结束 中英合作金融管理/商务管理专业 公共课与自学考试同时考,专业课考试时间在1月和7月 自考统考 作为四月、十月考试的补充,由省考办根据本省的具体情况决定 MBA联考 工商管理硕士,Master of Business Administration,缩写MBA,是源自美国的硕士学位。 硕士研究生入学考试

二月考试表LSAT(美国法律硕士研究生入学考试)

三月考试表 TEF法语 --- TEF (Test d''Evaluation de Francais)法语水平测试,是据法国驻华大使馆规定必需参加的法语水平测试。 国际物流师 --- 每年的3、6、9、12月第三个周日 PETS 第二个周六周日 PETS,Public English Test System,全国公共英语等级考试。PETS是教育部考试中心设计并负责的全国性英语水平考试体系,分五个级别。 项目管理师职业资格认证考试

四月考试表 速录师职业资格考试 --- 职称英语 4中旬 全国计算机等级考试(NCRE) J.TEST 15日 J.TEST是鉴定日语实际应用能力的考试,由东京日本语研究社所属的日本语检定协会在1991年创办。 注册咨询工程师(投资) 自考统考

五月考试表 营销师职业资格认证考试 --- 人力资源师职业资格认证考试 --- 物业管理师 --- 全国秘书职业资格考试 --- 5月和11月各考1次 环境影响评价工程师 监理工程师执业资格考试 注册建筑师 一级 二级 物流师职业资格认证考试 --- 全国试点阶段,考试时间由劳动部通知 全国会计专业技术资格考试 调查分析师 企业信息管理师 计算机技术与软件专业技术资格(水平)考试 土地登记代理人 全国卫生专业技术资格考试 二级、三级翻译专业资格考试 棉花质量检验师 5月27日至6月2日

六月考试表 英语四六级考试

高考 7、8、9日 GRE 9日 GRE是Graduate Record Examination的缩写,美国研究生入学考试资格考试。 J.TEST 10日 项目管理师职业资格认证考试 质量专业技术人员资格考试 注册税务师考试考试 全新标准商务日语jetro 6月30日开考

七月考试表 自考统考 作为四月、十月考试的补充,由省考办根据本省的具体情况决定 中英合作金融管理/商务管理专业 公共课与自学考试同时考,专业课考试时间在1月和7月

八月考试表JTest 8月5日 今年新增的一次Jtest考试

九月考试表 理财规划师职业资格认证考试 --- LCCIEB秘书证书 --- 教育部考试中心与英国伦敦工商会考试局(London Chamber Commerce and Industrial Examinations Board,省略为LCCIEB)签订协议,合作开展伦敦工商会考试局举办的职业资格证书考试。 PETS 第二个周六周日 PETS,Public English Test System,全国公共英语等级考试。PETS是教育部考试中心设计并负责的全国性英语水平考试体系,分五个级别。 注册会计师全国统一考试 9月下旬 注册资产评估师考试 价格鉴证师 注册设备监理师 注册安全工程师 注册核安全工程师 全国计算机等级考试(NCRE) 9日 全国计算机等级考试(National Computer Rank Examination,简称NCRE) 项目管理师职业资格认证考试 国际商务师 建造师 司法考试 注册土木工程师 注册化工工程师 注册电气工程师 注册公用设备工程师 注册结构工程师

十月考试表 保险经纪人基本资格考试 --- GCT工程硕士(Graduate Candidate Test)学位考试 倒数第二个周末 成人高考 J.TEST 14日 J.TEST是鉴定日语实际应用能力的考试,由东京日本语研究社所属的日本语检定协会在1991年创办。 TSE 16日 TSE,Test of Spoken English,美国教育考试服务处为非英语国家的学生提供的英语口语熟练程度的考试。 市场总监销售经理业务资格培训认证 造价工程师 房地产经纪人 企业法律顾问 注册城市规划师执业资格考试 矿业权评估师 房地产估价师考试 审计、统计专业技术资格考试 出版专业技术资格考试 自考统考

十一月考试表 营销师职业资格认证考试 --- 人力资源师职业资格认证考试 --- 物业管理师 --- 全国秘书职业资格考试 --- 经济专业技术资格考试 物流师职业资格认证考试 --- 全国试点阶段,考试时间由劳动部通知 国家公务员招录考试

十二月考试表 日本语能力测试 每年12月第一个星期日全球统一考试 英语四六级考试 --- 项目管理师职业资格认证考试 J.TEST
更多考试资讯 公务员考试每个省的时间不固定,基本每个月都有,国家公务员考试一般在每年10月-12月
公共关系职业认证春季:每年六月十日之前 秋季:每年十二月十日之前
心理咨询师一年有两次鉴定考核(五六月或十/十一月,具体日期以每年年初国家职业鉴定中心公布为准)
GMAT(GMAT,Graduate Management Admission Test,国外工商管理硕士MBA入学考试) 2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、11、12月从每月3号起所有的工作日
物流师/助理物流师 物流师/助理物流师处于全国试点阶段,考试时间由劳动部通知导游资格考试 考试时间一般在10月至12月间
GRE(Graduate Record Examination的缩写,美国研究生入学考试资格考试)笔试 机考全年每个工作日
托福TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language) 具体时间尚未确定,每月都可参加考试

2009年1月5日星期一

42集大型纪录片《一寸河山一寸血》

42集大型纪录片《一寸河山一寸血》

一寸河山一寸血:向当时坚持八年浴血抗战的中国将士和中国人民表示最崇高的敬意。

让我们的已经冷却的热血再沸腾一次吧!
看看国军将士是如何浴血抗战的吧。看看有多少我们未知和被篡改了的历史!

[转帖]一寸河山一寸血[影片]

《一寸河山一寸血》[完整有序呈现中国近代史实:42集精采纪录片]
【编 导】 陈君天
【影片类型】战争/纪录片(台湾制作抗日记录片极具珍藏价值)
【影片格式】rm
【影片大小】[全42集/1.94GB]
【影片字幕】中文字幕
【影片公司】公视


《一寸河山一寸血》影片介绍:

这是炎黄子孙必看的影片,我满怀崇敬地将该片推荐给大家,让我们感谢台湾的文化工作者。

  城市在燃烧。乡村在燃烧。举着太阳旗的日本兵。逃难灾民。被侮辱的妇女。半死不活的孩童。倒在血泊中的抗日将士。一个又一个幸存者的血泪述说。那是中国人昨天的哀伤记忆……

"台视"播放系列片《一寸河山一寸血》,创造了可观的收视率。台湾卓越文化传播公司制作这部长达42集的电视节目,前后长达两年时间,边播放还在边修改。这在快节奏的台湾社会实在不多见。

为什么要开创台湾电视纪录片的这个"第一"?这位才华横溢的著名电视编导陈君天沉吟片刻,缓缓地说:"我们中国人近百年来没有尊严,死了那么多的人,非常冤枉。一直到今天为止,还有人认为日军侵华不是真的。不少人已经把这个事情慢慢地淡忘了。

"抗日战争里,我们中国人死伤了有3 0 0 0 万!对于那么一个庞大的、惊心动魄的战争,应有一个非常持平、非常公正、非常真实的记录。事实上,我身为一个中国人,在整个制作过程当中有许多痛心疾首的地方,我力图把这些感觉留给后人……"

"卓越"追求的是卓越。他们曾不辞劳苦,前往日本、美国、俄罗斯和祖国大陆收集胶片、图片和文字资料。在莫斯科的档案馆找到侵华日军的一些纪录片,一分钟胶片就要花6 0 0 美元,咬着牙买下来。

摄制组访问了近8 0 0 名见证人,采访对象分布在世界各地,包括在台湾,在祖国大陆,还有在美国、在日本的。他们到祖国大陆云南腾冲、滇缅公路访问过,还去拍过东北"7 3 1 "部队旧址、南京大屠杀纪念馆、上海淞沪战役的故地。被访问的很多人年龄都在7 8 岁以上,从7 8 岁一直访问到1 0 3 岁的老人。问他们早上吃什么可能全忘了,唯独战场上的事他们忘不掉,记忆非常深刻。

对应被采访者的话,一点点地找画面编太难了。有的是现拍的,有的是照片,有的是老影片。有时他们找到的一部影片资料太差了,得从别的影片里选一些,拼图一 样组合着拼出来。有时已经播出了,后来又发现新的资料,只要发现这个资料更好,他们马上重新整理,用最好的画面来填补一个以前的空白。

片子播出之后,"卓越"办公室的电话响个不停。陈君天当初想,这个片子,恐怕主要收视群是年纪的观众,因为他们会有自己的感情在里面,但他很惊讶,播出以 后他们收到最多的电话和来信,是台湾土生土长的年轻人打来或写来的。年轻人说,看了片子感动极了,过去不知道啊!

在陈君天的名片上,印着他的座右铭:把历史还给历史,让真相长白千秋。这些给我们一个很大的鼓舞。我们的目的就是让下一代知道,抗日战争这8 年之间所发生的事情。民族的苦难和尊严,所有中国人都不该忘记。

《一寸河山一寸血》�中华儿女受欢迎的节目之一。

下载连接:
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan1.rm全片综述
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan2.rm中日战争的源头
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan3.rm民国初乱
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan4.rm危机与生机
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan5.rm西安事变
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan6.rm泸沟桥事变
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan7.rm松沪会战(上)
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan8.rm松沪会战(下)
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan9.rm中国空军
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan10.rm中国海军
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan11.rm南京保卫战
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan12.rm南京大屠杀
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan13.rm徐州会战(上)
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan14.rm徐州会战(下)
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan15.rm大迁徒
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan16.rm武汉会战
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan17.rm战时文化
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan18.rm战时教育
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan19.rm中期抗战
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan20.rm风云诡诈
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan21.rm烽烟再起
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan22.rm长沙会战
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan23.rm在北风中出击
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan24.rm突出封锁线
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan25.rm火拼长江
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan26.rm重庆精神
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan27.rm战时经济
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan28.rm游击战
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan29.rm国共摩擦
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan30.rm黑太阳731
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan31.rm苦撑待变
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan32.rm长沙大捷
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan33.rm远征军
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan34.rm反攻缅甸
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan35.rm常德会战
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan36.rm间谍战
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan37.rm宋美龄
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan38.rm战时经济来源
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan39.rm西南会战
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan40.rm天亮前后
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan41.rm战争赔偿
http://66.98.158.58/Heshan/heshan42.rm结束语

布什语录

"人类千万年的历史,最为珍贵的不是令人炫目的科技,不是浩瀚的大师们的经典著作,不是政客们天花乱坠的演讲,而是实现了对统治者的驯服,实现了用民主的方式把他们关在笼子里的梦想。因为只有驯服了他们,把他们关起来,才不会害人。我现在就是站在笼子里向你们讲话。"

  "那些生活在专制之下,绝望之中的人们应该知道:美利坚合众国不会漠视你们遭受的压迫,也不会姑息那些压迫者。当你们挺起胸膛争取自由时,美国将和你们站在一起。"

  "那些面临着压制、监禁和和流放的民主改革者应该知道:美国对你们的作为了然于心――你们是未来自由国家的领袖。"

"那些践踏法律的统治者应该明白:美国仍然坚守林肯总统的信念:"剥夺别人的自由者不配享有自由,在公正的上帝面前,这种人的统治不可能长久。"

  "那些习惯于控制人民的政府领导人应该明白:为了服务人民,你必须学会信任人民。当你踏上这条通往进步和正义的道路,美国将与你同行。"

  "美国的所有盟友都应该知道:我们珍视你们的友谊,倾听你们的建议,仰仗你们的帮助。在自由国家间制造分裂,是自由之敌的首要目的。自由国家齐心协力,推进民主,将为敌人敲响末日丧钟。 "

  "自由终将获得胜利,我们满怀信心,向着这个目标前进。历史的发展道路并非无可改变,人类做出的选择才推动了历史前进的方向。 "

  "我们并没有自认为是上帝的选民,上帝依照自己的意志,推动历史,做出选择。我们满怀信心,是因为自由是人类永恒的希望,是黑暗中的渴求,是灵魂深处的期盼。 "

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